2019年12月新闻热词汇总

liukang20244天前cgw吃瓜430
12月,各类年终盘点扎堆,先后发布了2019年十大网络用语、2019年十大媒体新词语以及2019年十大盛行语,还有年度国内字、词和国际字、词。这个月迎来澳门回归20周年,备受注重的民法典草案初次团体露脸,引发热议;2022年冬奥会自愿者全球招募发动,《首都功用中心区操控性具体规划(街区层面)(2018年—2035年)》(草案)公示发动。
网络音视频新规 new rules for online audio and video providers
国家互联网信息办公室、文明和旅行部、国家广播电视总局联合印发了《网络音视频信息服务办理规则》(以下简称“《规则》”),自2020年1月1日起施行。
Online service providers should acquire qualifications in accordance with laws and administrative regulations before they release audio and video posts for users, the document said. They should establish and improve mechanisms for user registration, content review and information security management, it said.规则明晰,网络音视频信息服务供给者应当依法取得法则、行政法规规则的相关资质;应当建立健全用户注册、信息发布审阅、信息安全办理等准则。
当时,网络音视频信息服务迅速开展,用户规划不断健壮。
There are currently 608 million online music platform users and 759 million video service users in China.当时,我国网络音乐用户规划已达6.08亿,网络视频用户规划已达7.59亿。
与此一同,传达违法和不良信息(disseminate illegal and harmful information)、侵略公民大众合法权益(infringe on the people's legitimate rights and interests)等危险危险也随之添加。特别是跟着“深度假造(deepfake)”等新技术新运用在网络音视频范畴的运用,这些危险进一步集聚、扩展。
Online service providers or users producing, releasing or disseminating digitally-altered audio or video content based on new technologies like deep learning or virtual reality shall mark them as "not real" in a visible way, according to the regulation.规则明晰,网络音视频信息服务供给者和网络音视频信息服务运用者运用依据深度学习、虚拟现实等新技术新运用制造、发布、传达非实在音视频信息的,应当以显着办法予以标识。
No one shall generate, release or disseminate fake news or information by using such technologies, the document said.不得运用依据深度学习、虚拟现实等新技术新运用制造、发布、传达虚伪新闻信息。
网络音视频信息服务供给者应建立健全驳斥流言机制
网络音视频信息服务供给者应当布置运用违法违规音视频以及非实在音视频辨别技术(technologies that can identify illegal or fake audio and video contents),发现音视频信息服务运用者制造、发布、传达法则法规阻止的信息内容的,应当依法依约中止传输该信息,采纳消除等处置办法。
网络音视频信息服务供给者应当建立健全驳斥流言机制(rumor-refuting mechanism),发现网络音视频信息服务运用者运用依据深度学习、虚拟现实等虚伪图画、音视频生成技术制造、发布、传达流言的,应当及时采纳相应的驳斥流言办法,并将相关信息报网信、文明和旅行、广播电视等部分存案。
2019年度十大网络用语 Top 10 online buzzwords
12月2日,国家言语资源监测与研讨中心发布了“2019年度十大网络用语”。本次发布的十个网络用语依次为:不忘初心;路途千万条,安全榜首条;柠檬精;好嗨哟;是个狼人;雨女无瓜;硬核;996;14亿护旗手;断舍离。
1、不忘初心 remain true to the original aspiration
“不忘初心”意思是不忘掉开端的愿望。
习近平总书记在党的十九大陈述中庄严宣告:“我国共产党人的初心和使命,便是为我国公民谋夸姣,为中华民族谋复兴。”The original aspiration and the mission of Chinese Communists are to seek happiness for the Chinese people and rejuvenation for the Chinese nation.
其实,每个人都有一颗初心的种子,都应当寻觅初心、紧记初心、坚持初心,为完结自己的小方针尽力斗争,为完结我国梦添砖加瓦。
2、路途千万条,安全榜首条 On countless roads ahead, safety comes first.
此语的盛行源于电影《漂泊地球(Wandering Earth)》中重复运用的一句台词,后被多地交警作为交通安全宣扬用语选用。网友仿照该句式发明出多种“××千万条,××榜首条”的用法,使这一网络用语得到了更广泛的运用和传达。
3、柠檬精 green with envy
“柠檬精”字面意思是柠檬成精,指很喜欢酸别人,妒忌别人(be jealous of someone)。现多用于自嘲式地表达对别人从表面到内在、从物质日子到情感日子的多重仰慕(envy someone for his/her good looks, wealth or love life)。
在英语里,green这个词常常用来表达“妒忌、仰慕”等意思,除了green with envy以外,还有莎士比亚著作中屡次出现过的green-eyed monster。
比方:
Chad is heading off to Spain for the week, and I'm green with envy.查德这周要去西班牙,我酸了。
4、好嗨哟 be so high/get really high
这个词来历于同名网络歌曲,通过短视频达人改编并协作非常魔性的扮演,引得许多人仿照,用于表达很高兴和振奋的状况。
比方:
Her spirits get really high after a couple of drinks.几杯酒下肚,她变得好嗨哟。
5、是个狼人 someone is a badass/crackerjack
这个说法由“是个狠人”演化而来的,意思是“比狠人再狠‘一点’”。一般用来戏弄或人干事不按常理出牌,却又能取得奇效,给人一种出乎意外的很凶猛的感觉。
Badass在美语中是一个非常盛行的白话单词,你常常能够听到人们用badass来描绘不同的人、或许物,能够用作名词或描绘词。
韦氏在线词典关于badass的意义有两种解说:likely to cause trouble : tough and dangerous(危险的、强悍的,可能会引发费事);very skillful or impressive(技术高明的,令人形象深入的)。由此可见,badass既可表达贬义,也可用于褒义,取决于所在的语境。咱们能够将其了解为,强悍(桀)的、凶猛的、拉风的、狂拽酷炫的,或是狠人物。不过要记住的是,badass本来是一个具有得罪意味的词,所以只能在非正式场合、白话中运用。
比方:
He is a real badass, finishing that project on such a tight schedule.工期这么紧的状况下,他还能完结项目,真是个狼人。
Crackerjack的用法跟badass相似,也是能够用作名词或描绘词,指“才干出众的(人);极好的(事物)”。比方:He just bought a crackerjack car.(他刚买了一辆超棒的车。)
6、雨女无瓜 none of your business
这个谐音梗出自电视剧《巴啦啦小魔仙》,剧中游乐王子的扮演者操着一口迷之口音,普通话非常不规范。本来的台词“与你无关”,从他的口中说出来便成了“雨女无瓜”。所以便有网友制造了表情包在交际途径上进行戏弄。
相似的口头禅还有:
“你怎样这个亚子”(你怎样这个姿态)Why the hell are you doing this?
“要泥寡”(要你管)Leave me alone!
7、硬核 hardcore
该词最早指说唱音乐(hip hop music/rap music)的一种方法,被以为更具有力气感。后引申为“中心部分、中坚分子”,有凶猛、霸气之义。如:硬核技术(hardcore technology)指很要害、很中心的技术;说或人很硬核(someone is hardcore)能够指对方很强硬、很彪悍,跟“是个狼人”有点相似。
比方:
He is the hardcore engineer here -- we cannot do without him.他是咱们这的硬核工程师,没他可不行。
8、996 the 996 work schedule
“996”指作业时刻从早上9点到晚上9点,一周作业6天(work from 9 am to 9 pm, six days a week),代表着我国互联网企业盛行的加班文明(overtime culture in internet companies)。
China's Labor Law prescribes that the working hours of an employee should not exceed an average of eight hours daily, or 44 hours a week.我国的劳动法规则,职工每天作业不得超越8小时,或每周不超越44小时。
Employers may extend working hours after consultation with an employee, but shall not exceed three hours a day or 36 hours a month.雇主能够在与职工洽谈后延伸作业时刻,但加班时刻不该超越每天3小时或每月36小时。
The 996 work schedule, however, can easily ratchet up weekly work to 60 hours.但996作业制能容易将作业时刻添加到每周60个小时。
9、14亿护旗手 1.4 billion guardians of the national flag
面临有坏人在香港把国旗丢进海中的暴行,央视新闻发布微博论题“五星红旗有14亿护旗手”并置顶,网友们纷繁留言、刷屏转发,表达热爱祖国、护卫国旗的真诚爱情。
比方:
I'm one of the 1.4 billion guardians of the national flag and I love my motherland.我是14亿护旗手之一,我爱我的祖国。
10、断舍离 simplifying life
一种日子情绪,意思是把那些不必需、不合适、过期的东西通通隔绝、放弃,并堵截对它们的留恋(discard everything that is unnecessary, outdated or ill-suited and liberate yourself from it),“断舍离”之后才干过简略清新的日子。
比方:
I'm simplifying my life lately, dumping tons of unwanted things.我最近正在断舍离,扔了许多不要的东西。
新动力轿车 new energy vehicles (NEVs)
12月3日,工业和信息化部发布《新动力轿车工业开展规划(2021-2035年)》(征求定见稿),描绘新动力轿车未来15年的开展蓝图。
Sales of new energy vehicles (NEVs) are expected to make up about 25 percent of the total new car sales and those of intelligent connected vehicles (ICVs) will be lifted to about 30 percent by 2025, according to the draft plan.征求定见稿提出,到2025年,新动力轿车新车销量占比到达25%,智能网联轿车新车销量占比到达30%。
【名词解说】
新动力轿车(new energy vehicles,NEVs)指选用新式动力系统,彻底或首要依托新式动力驱动的轿车,具有能耗低(low energy consumption)、污染物排放少(low pollutant emission)等特征,首要包含插电式混合动力轿车(plug-in hybrid electric vehicle,简称PHEV)、纯电动轿车(battery electric vehicles ,简称BEV)和燃料电池轿车(fuel-cell electric vehicles)。
智能网联轿车(intelligent connected vehicles,ICVs)是指搭载先进的车载传感器、操控器、履行器(onboard sensors, controllers and actuators)等设备,并交融现代通讯与网络技术,完结车与X(人、车、路、后台等)智能信息沟通同享(intelligent information exchange and sharing),具有杂乱的环境感知、智能决议计划(intelligent decision-making)、协同操控和履行等功用,可完结安全、舒适、节能、高效行进(safe, comfortable, energy-saving and efficient driving),并终究可替代人来操作的新一代轿车。
在研制方面,征求定见稿从头界说了“三纵三横”,我国将构成以纯电动轿车(battery electric vehicles BEV)、插电式混合动力轿车(plug-in hybrid electric vehicle,PHEV)、燃料电池轿车(fuel-cell electric vehicles)为“三纵”,以动力电池与办理系统(battery and managing system)、驱动电机与电力电子(driving motor and power electronics)、网联化与智能化技术(internet and intelligent technologies)为“三横”的研制布局。
征求定见稿提出,力求通过15年继续尽力,纯电动轿车成为干流,燃料电池轿车完结商业化运用(fuel-cell electric vehicles will be ready for commercial use),公共范畴用车全面电动化(all vehicles used for public services will be electrically powered),高度主动驾驶智能网联轿车趋于遍及,有用促进节能减排水平缓社会运转功率进步。
2018年国际学生点评项目 PISA2018
The latest 2018 Program for International Student Assessment, hosted every three years by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, found that 15-year-olds in Beijing, Shanghai and the provinces of Jiangsu and Zhejiang ranked No 1 in all three core subjects of reading, science and mathematics.2018年国际学生点评项目(PISA2018)测验成果显现,我国北京、上海、江苏、浙江四省市15岁学生在阅览、科学、数学三个中心科目中排名榜首。国际学生点评项目(PISA2018)测验由经济协作与开展安排(OECD)主张安排,每三年进行一次。
They are followed by students from Singapore and China's two special administrative regions -- Macao and Hong Kong. The top OECD countries were Estonia, Canada, Finland, and Ireland.排名紧随其后的别离是来自新加坡、澳门以及香港特别行政区的学生。测验成果排名靠前的经合安排成员国为爱沙尼亚、加拿大、芬兰和爱尔兰。
【常识点】
国际学生点评项目(Program for International Student Assessment,PISA)是经济协作与开展安排(Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development,OECD)于2000年主张的对基础教育进行跨国家(区域)、跨文明的点评项目,意图是对15岁学生的阅览、数学、科学素养和运用常识处理现实问题才干(measure students' ability to use their reading, mathematics and science knowledge and skills to meet real-life challenges)进行点评,反映学生参与未来日子的才干。PISA参与成员首要是OECD成员国家(区域),吸收非成员国家(区域)参与,每三年进行一次,依据测评年份命名。
The OECD's PISA 2018 tested around 600,000 15-year-old students in 79 countries and regions on reading, science, and mathematics. The main focus was on reading, with most students doing the test on computers.2018年国际学生点评项目共测验了79个国家和区域60万名15岁学生的阅览、科学及数学才干,其间阅览为首要查询科目。大部分学生在核算机上答题。
其他测验成果还包含:
In B-S-J-Z (China), socio-economically advantaged students outperformed disadvantaged students in reading by 82 score points in PISA 2018. This is not significantly different from the average difference between the two groups (89 score points) across OECD countries.2018年国际学生点评项目(PISA2018)测验成果显现,我国四省市社会经济条件较好的学生在阅览方面的得分比经济条件较差学生高82分,经合安排成员内部这个分数均匀差为89分,二者没有显着差异。
School principals in B-S-J-Z (China) reported more staff shortage and less material shortage than the OECD average; and school principals of disadvantaged schools more often reported staff shortage than principals of advantaged schools.我国四省市校长陈述的师资缺少状况高于经合安排均匀值,陈述的资源缺少状况低于经合安排均匀值。条件较差校园的校长陈述的师资缺少问题多于条件好的校园校长。
In B-S-J-Z (China), boys outperformed girls in mathematics by 11 score points. Across OECD countries, boys outperformed girls by five score points. While girls slightly outperformed boys in science (by two score points) on average across OECD countries in PISA 2018, in B-S-J-Z (China) boys outperformed girls in science by 12 score points.我国四省市参与测验的学生中,男生的数学分数比女生高11分,经合安排成员国的男生则比女生高5分。在科学成果方面,经合安排成员国的女生均匀得分略高于男生(高出2分),我国四省市则是男生比女生高出12分。
In almost every education system, girls expressed greater fear of failure than boys, and this gender gap was considerably wider amongst top-performing students.在简直一切的参与测验的教育系统中,女生比男生更忧虑失利,在成果好的学生中特别如此。
In B-S-J-Z (China), students spent 31.8 hours in the classroom on average, ranking fourth among all 79 countries and regions. The learning efficiency of students in B-S-J-Z (China) ranked 44th, 46th and 54th for reading, math and science, respectively, and the students' satisfaction about learning only ranked 61st.我国四省市学生均匀校内讲堂学习时刻为31.8小时/周,在参测国家(区域)中排第4位。我国四省市学生的阅览、数学和科学的学习功率在参测国家(区域)中排名排列第44位、第46位、第54位。我国四省市学生的学习满意度在参测国家(区域)中排第61位。
冬奥会自愿者全球招募 global recruitment for Winter Olympics volunteers
According to the Beijing Organizing Committee for the 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games (BOCOG), 27,000 Games volunteers will be needed for the Olympic Winter Games and 12,000 for the Paralympic Winter Games.北京冬奥组委计划招募2.7万名冬奥会赛会自愿者、1.2万名冬残奥会赛会自愿者。
Successful candidates will be trained to assist organizers in 12 service categories before and during the Games, including international liaison, competition organization, media operations and venue services, in three zones: downtown Beijing, the capital's northwest Yanqing district and Zhangjiakou, according to Beijing 2022 organizers.北京冬奥组委表明,成功中选的自愿者通过练习后将散布于北京、延庆、张家口三个赛区,参与国际联络、竞赛安排、媒体运营、场馆运转等12类自愿服务。
赛会自愿者怎样报名
赛会自愿者请求人报名时刻为北京时刻2019年12月5日至2021年6月30日24:00。一切请求人均应登录赛会自愿者全球招募网络系统(vol.beijing2022.cn)提交请求。赛会自愿者选用作业将于2021年9月30日前悉数完结。
发动典礼上,北京冬奥会和冬残奥会自愿者标志也正式发布。
As a highly significant branding and visual element of the Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games Beijing 2022, the volunteer logo is designed to fully arouse the enthusiasm of the volunteers; carry forward and foster the volunteering spirit; and build a culture dedicated to embodying the volunteering spirit.北京2022年冬奥会和冬残奥会自愿者标志是冬奥会和冬残奥会重要的形象景象元素,是着眼于充分调动自愿者的活跃性,宏扬和培养自愿服务精力,打造自愿者文明所作的原创性规划。
The red and yellow colour in the logo symbolises passion and hospitality. The motif of the universally-acknowledged sign language for “I love you” manifests global, trending and youthful ideas. The elegant and dynamic "ribbon" represents the rhythm of a heartbeat and showcase the vision for a "Joyful rendezvous upon pure ice and snow".标志色彩由赤色、黄色组成,代表热心和欢迎。图形选用国际通用手势“我喜欢你”,表现国际化、时髦化、年轻化。通过潇洒、动感的飘带方法,表达“心动”的感觉,表现“纯真的冰雪,热心的约会”愿景。
The upper part of the logo resembles a triple "V," signifying a winning streak and the aspirations of volunteers to participate in the Winter Games. The smiling face on the bottom half of the logo aims to inspire dedication, friendship and happiness. A volunteer's smile will light up the Beijing 2022 Games. It is both the legacy of the Beijing 2008 Games and the embodiment of the volunteering spirit of dedication, friendship, mutual assistance and progress.标志上半部图形由涵义连胜的“VVV”组成,标志自愿者“手拉手” 参与冬奥服务冬奥的热心;图形下半部分“笑脸”表达了“贡献、爱与浅笑”的主题。自愿者的浅笑是北京最好的手刺,既是对2008年北京奥运会的传承,也是对自愿精力“贡献、和睦、协作、前进”的表现。
繁体字 traditional Chinese character
Schools should use standard, simplified Chinese in teaching, based on relevant laws, the Ministry of Education said recently, playing down concerns that the use of simplified Chinese is detrimental to preserving cultural heritage.关于简化汉字“不利于文明传承”的问题,教育部表明,校园教育应依法运用规范汉字。
In response to a proposal made this year by a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, the ministry said students can also learn about traditional Chinese when they learn about Chinese classic writings and Chinese calligraphy at school.在对本年一份政协委员提案的回复中,教育部表明,学生在经典阅览和书法教育中,会触及繁体字教育有关内容。
【布景介绍】
1952年2月5日,在中心教育部的筹划下,由我国文字改革协会改组兼并其他安排组成我国文字改革研讨委员会,搜集民间及民国以来主张汉字简化学者们的主张(suggestions concerning simplifying Chinese characters)。1952年3月25日,文字改革研讨委员会汉字收拾组建立,开端着手拟定《常用汉字简化表草案》。榜初次由政府正式发布并成功得到贯彻施行的简体字计划和字表是1956年由中华公民共和国国务院发布的《汉字简化计划》,并终究拟定出了一个《简化字总表(a list of simplified Chinese characters)》。现在咱们通用的是1986年从头发布的《简化字总表》,一共收录了2235个字。
关于简化汉字“因简害义”“有损汉字的艺术美和规则性,不利于文明传承”的问题,教育部介绍,自古以来,汉字由繁趋简的开展演化趋势非常显着(Chinese characters have undergone constant simplification)。
简化字伴跟着汉字的产生而开展,已有三千多年的前史。早在甲骨文(oracle bone script)和金文(Chinese Bronze Inscriptions)中,汉字就有了简体方法;南北朝以来楷书(regular script)、草书(cursive writing style)、行书(running hand)中也不断有简体字产生。现行简化字便是遵从约定俗成的准则,通过搜集、收拾、挑选千百年来在民间通行的简体字(collect, sort and select simplified characters widely used for hundreds of years),在广泛征求定见基础上承认简化字体并通过一段时刻的试行后承认的,具有前史承继性、系统性和深沉的大众基础。
从汉字形体构成的规则看,形声构字(pictophonetic characters)是首要的构字办法,假如仅从会意字(associative compounds)方向去了解汉字,就背离了汉字构形现实。
【常识点】
汉字的造字结构一般有四种,别离为:象形字(pictographs),比方,马、口、门等;形声字(pictophonetic characters),一般是一个偏旁部首加一个汉字组成,比方,吗、妈等;会意字( associative compounds),用两个及两个以上的独体汉字,依据各自的意义所组合成的一个新汉字,比方,休、旦等;指事字(self-explanatory characters),当没有、或不方便用具体形象画出来时,就用一种笼统的符号来表明。大多数指事字是在象形字的基础上添加、削减笔画或符号,比方,上、下、凶等。
教育部还表明,文字并不彻底等同于文明,文字是记载、传递文明信息的东西,中华文明的许多信息是通过汉字记载下来的(a large amount of information on Chinese culture was recorded in Chinese characters)。要读懂这些信息首要要能读懂汉字记载的各个前史时期的汉语书面语,但通过长时刻的前史开展,汉语产生了很大改变,人们现在通过文字材料了解古代文明信息的困难首要在于记载这些信息的言语从古至今产生了很大改变,知道繁体字的人不通过专门的古汉语、古代文明常识等的学习、练习,也相同读不明白古典诗文(people who understand traditional Chinese may not necessarily understand classic writings without proper training),不能了解中华传统文明、知晓我国文明的由来。相同,现在古典诗文都现已有简化字版,假如不通过专门练习,也相同读不明白。
针对“中小学繁体字识读教育”一事,教育部表明,《中华公民共和国国家通用言语文字法》明晰规则,“校园及其他教育安排以普通话和规范汉字为根本的教育教育用语用字。法则还有规则的在外”。因而,校园教育应依法运用规范汉字。
俄罗斯被禁赛 Russia banned from Olympics
12月9日,国际反振奋剂安排(WADA)执委会在瑞士洛桑宣告,阻止俄罗斯在未来4年参与一切大型国际赛事。
The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) on Monday banned Russia from major global sporting events in the next four years including the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics and 2022 World Cup in Qatar after accusing Moscow of falsifying data from an anti-doping laboratory.因指控莫斯科反振奋剂实验室数据造假,国际反振奋剂安排12月9日宣告,阻止俄罗斯在未来四年参与一切大型国际赛事,其间包含2020年东京奥运会、2022年北京冬奥会,以及2022年卡塔尔国际杯。
Under the sanctions, the Russian flag and anthem are also prohibited from being displayed at major events.依据禁令规则,俄罗斯的国旗和国歌也不得在大型赛事中展现。
If the bans are ultimately enforced, Russian athletes who can prove they are untainted by the doping scandal will be able to compete compete under a neutral flag.假如禁令终究得以施行,俄罗斯运动员在能够证明自己没有卷进振奋剂丑闻的状况下,能够运用中立旗号参与竞赛。
【常识点:何为大型国际赛事?】
依据国际反振奋剂安排官网发布的新闻稿,这儿所说的“大型国际赛事(major global events)”包含以下四类:
(a) the Youth Olympic Games (summer and winter);夏日和冬天青年奥运会;
(b) the Olympic Games and Paralympic Games (summer and winter);夏日和冬天奥运会及残奥会;
(c) any other event organized by a Major Event Organisation;由大型赛事安排安排安排的其他竞赛;
(d) any World Championships organized or sanctioned by any Signatory.由任何签约成员安排或同意的国际锦标赛。
Wada says Rusada has 21 days to appeal against the ban. If it does so, the appeal will be referred to the Court of Arbitration for Sport (Cas).国际反振奋剂安排表明,俄罗斯可在21天内对该禁令提出申述。主张的申述将交由国际体育裁定法庭受理。
Russian president Vladimir Putin said the country had grounds to appeal against the decision.俄罗斯总统普京表明,俄方有理由对该决议提出申述。
下一年欧洲杯未受影响
Despite the ban, Russia will be able to compete at Euro 2020 - in which St Petersburg will be a host city - as European football's governing body Uefa is not defined as a 'major event organization' with regards to rulings on anti-doping breaches.下一年将在圣彼得堡举行的2020年欧洲杯将不受禁令影响,由于在国际反振奋剂安排作出的判决中,欧足联未被确认为“大型赛事安排安排”。
Fifa said it had "taken note" of Wada's decision, adding: "Fifa is in contact with Wada to clarify the extent of the decision in regards to football."国际足联表明现已“注意到”国际反振奋剂安排的决议,并称“国际足联正在与国际反振奋剂安排联络,以明晰该决议对足球竞赛的影响规划。”
The promoters of the F1 Russian Grand Prix 2020 also said they were "confident" the race would go ahead because their contract was signed before the Wada investigation and runs until 2025.2020年F1俄罗斯大奖赛宣扬方也表明,他们“信赖”竞赛会如期举行,由于赛事合约在国际反振奋剂安排查询前现已签定,且有用期到2025年。
【相关布景】
2017年12月,国际奥委会执委会宣告阻止俄罗斯代表团参与2018年2月在韩国平昌举行的冬奥会,可是答应契合条件的运动员以中立身份参与个人或团体项目。
A total of 168 Russian athletes competed under a neutral flag at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang.2018年平昌冬奥会期间,共有168名俄罗斯运动员持中立旗参赛。
这些皎白的参赛运动员被称为“来自俄罗斯的奥林匹克运动员(Olympic Athletes from Russia)”,在平昌冬奥会上,随同他们出现的是国际奥委会会旗(the Olympic flag)、国际奥林匹克会歌(the Olympic Anthem),运动员取得的任何奖牌都不归于俄罗斯。
六稳(稳作业、稳金融、稳外贸、稳外资、稳出资、稳预期) keep employment, the financial sector, foreign trade, foreign and domestic investments, and expectations stable
The Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee held a meeting Friday to analyze and study the economic work for 2020 and make plans for improving conduct and building integrity as well as fighting corruption. "The basic trend of steady long-term growth for China's economy remains unchanged at present and for a period to come," the meeting said, stressing transforming external pressure into motivation for deepening reform and furthering opening-up, and focusing on running China's own affairs well.中共中心政治局12月6日举行会议,分析研讨2020年经济作业;研讨布置2020年党风廉政建造和反腐败作业。会议着重,当时和往后一个时期,我国经济稳中向好、长时刻向好的根本趋势没有变。咱们要长于把外部压力转化为深化改革、扩展敞开的健壮动力,集中精力办妥自己的事。
稳作业
要实在保证和改进民生,要点处理好高校结业生、退役军人、下岗职工、农民工、返乡人员等要点人群的作业问题。We should improve people's living standards and pay particular attention to ensuring employment for key groups such as college graduates, veterans, laid-off and rural migrant workers, as well as those returning to rural areas.——2019年9月18日,习近平在河南查询期间着重
稳金融
防备化解金融危险,事关国家安全、开展全局、公民工业安全,是完结高质量开展有必要跨过的严重关口。Preventing and defusing financial risks is relevant to national security, overall development, and the security of people's property, and is a key threshold that the country must cross to achieve high-quality growth.——2018年4月2日,习近平掌管举行中心财经委员会榜初次会议并说话
稳外贸
咱们应该坚持以敞开求开展,深化沟通协作,坚持“拉手”而不是“松手”,坚持“拆墙”而不是“筑墙”,坚决对立维护主义、单边主义,不断削减交易壁垒,推进全球价值链、供应链愈加完善,一同培养商场需求。We need to promote development through opening-up and deepen exchanges and cooperation among us. We need to “join hands” with each other instead of “letting go” of each other’s hands. We need to “tear down walls”, not to “erect walls”. We need to stand firm against protectionism and unilateralism. We need to continually bring down trade barriers, optimize global value and supply chains, and jointly foster market demand.——2019年11月5日,习近平在第二届我国国际进口博览会开幕式上的宗旨讲演
稳外资
我国将坚持扩展对外敞开,添加产品和服务进口,扩展外资商场准入,加强常识产权维护,构成全方位、多层次、宽范畴的全面敞开新格局。Going forward, China will open up still wider. We will import more goods and services, ease market access for foreign investments, and step up intellectual property protection. With these efforts, we will break new ground in pursuing all-dimensional, multi-tiered and all-sectoral opening-up in China.——2019年11月14日,习近平在金砖国家领导人巴西利亚接见会面揭露会议上的说话
稳出资
要实在处理中小微企业融资难融资贵问题,加大援企稳岗力度。Concrete measures should be taken to make financing for medium-sized, small and micro firms easier and affordable, and to stabilize and support employment.——2019年1月21日,习近平在省部级首要领导干部坚持底线思想着力防备化解严重危险专题研讨班开班式上宣告重要说话
稳预期
当时,我国经济稳中向好,国内出产总值增速接连多年坚持在6%以上的合理区间。咱们将在近期采纳办法的基础上,进一步推出若干严重举动,加速构成对外敞开新局面,尽力完结高质量开展。The Chinese economy has continued its stable and sound performance, with its GDP growing within a proper range of more than 6% for years running. On top of the steps we have taken recently, China will further unveil major measures aimed at breaking new ground in opening-up and delivering high-quality development.——2019年6月28日,习近平在二十国集团领导人峰会上关于国际经济形势和交易问题的说话
空气污染防护 protection against air pollution
国家卫生健康委员会在官方网站发布《空气污染(霾)人群健康防护攻略》,针对空气霾污染气候的健康防护需求,从常识传达、信仰培养和防护技术等方面,给出大众归纳健康防护对策和主张。
The guideline suggested that kindergartens, primary and middle schools as well as indoor gyms be equipped with air purifiers to reduce concentration of PM2.5. Schools should suspend outdoor activities and avoid strenuous exercise indoors, the guideline suggested.攻略主张中小学、幼儿园及室内健身场所等装备空气净化器,尽量下降PM2.5浓度;校园应当暂停室外团体活动并尽量避免室内运动。
【常识点】
雾(fog)和霾(haze)的区别为:雾的相对湿度(the relative humidity)一般在90%以上,而霾在80%以下,但一般两者并存。能见度(visibility)在1公里以下的称为雾,1公里以上但小于10公里的归于灰霾(dust haze)现象。
较高浓度的细颗粒物(PM2.5)是构成霾气候的重要原因之一。大多数时刻雾和霾这两种现象混合在一同,统称为“雾霾气候(smog)”。
霾污染对人体的直接健康影响
霾对健康的直接影响以影响症状和急性效应为主,首要表现:眼和咽喉部影响(eye and throat irritation)、咳嗽(cough)、呼吸困难(breathing difficulty)、鼻塞流鼻涕(stuffy nose and runny nose)、皮疹(skin rash)等,上呼吸道感染(upper respiratory tract infection)、哮喘(asthma)、结膜炎(pink eye)、支气管炎(bronchitis)等疾病的症状增强,部分呼吸系统和心血管系统疾病的发病率、就诊率、入院率增高级。
霾污染防护的要点人群
要点人群首要有三类,榜首类为儿童、白叟、孕妈妈等灵敏人群(vulnerable groups including children, the elderly and pregnant women);第二类为心肺疾病患者(those suffering from heart and lung diseases),如患有冠心病、心力衰竭、哮喘或缓慢阻塞性肺疾病的患者;第三类为长时刻在野外作业的人员(outdoor workers),如交警、环卫工人、修建工人等。
要点人群防护办法和技术
轻度霾气候(mild smog)时:儿童、白叟、孕妈妈及心肺疾病患者等应当削减外出及野外运动(cut time spent outdoor),多在室内运动或调整训练时刻,尽量避免霾污染顶峰时段外出训练。
中度霾气候(moderate smog)时:儿童、白叟、孕妈妈及心肺疾病患者等应当避免外出及野外运动(avoid going outdoor)。
重度霾气候时(heavy smog):儿童、白叟、孕妈妈及心肺疾病患者等应当留在室内(stay indoor);要点人群有必要外出时,应当佩带配有呼吸阀的防护口罩(wear protective masks equipped with respirators),佩带口罩前应当向专业医生咨询承认;野外作业人员要佩带具有防霾功用的口罩(smog-proof masks)。回到家中要及时替换衣物、清洗面部、鼻腔及暴露的皮肤(change clothes and wash their face, nasal cavity and skin exposed to the air)。
日本年度汉字 Kanji of the year
The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, or JKATF, announced on Thursday that "rei' was the public's top choice, reaping 30,427 votes among 216,325 suggestions received through online surveys and postcards.日本汉字才干检定协会12月12日宣告,通过在线投票及明信片搜集的216325个年度汉字选票中,“令”字以30427票高票中选。
“令”字中选原因
Comments from voters indicated that the main reason for their choice was the new era name,"rei" is the first of two characters in the name of the new imperial era, Reiwa, that began this year with the enthronement of Emperor Naruhito.投票民众谈论显现,“令”字中选的首要原因是本年随同新天皇德仁即位,年号改变,日本进入新的“令和”年代。
The character also features in terms like 法则改正 (hōrei kaisei), the “legal revision” that bumped the consumption tax rate from 8% to 10% on October 1, and 避難指令 (hinan meirei), the “evacuation orders” that reached many residents when typhoons or other natural disasters threatened their communities.“令”字还代表“法则改正”,指10月1日起,日本消费税率由8%升为10%;此外,也代表“流亡指令”,指飓风或其他自然灾害危及到居民社区时收到的流亡指令。
12月12日是日本的汉字之日,由日本汉字才干检定协会主办,每年这个时分都会选一个汉字来代表曩昔的一年。
The Kyoto-based Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation has run the competition every year since 1995.自1995年以来,坐落东京的日本汉字才干检定协会每年都评选年度汉字。
1995年日本产生阪神大地震,当年的年度汉字为"震"。1997年许多金融安排在亚洲金融危机中关闭,年度汉字为“倒”。
Japan has chosen the symbol meaning "disaster" to define the year 2018.日本选出的2018年度汉字是的“灾”。
"North" won in 2017, and "gold" in 2016 after the Rio Olympics.2017年的年度汉字是“北”。2016年的年度汉字是“金”,里约奥运会在当年举行。
人类非物质文明遗产名录 the list of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity
日前在哥伦比亚波哥大举行的联合国教科文安排会议上,泰式按摩被列入人类非物质文明遗产名录(the list of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity)。
关于泰式按摩中选,联合国教科文安排表明:
The practice has its roots in self-care in Thai peasant society of the past, [where] every village had massage healers whom villagers would turn to when they had muscle aches from working the field.泰式按摩根植于曩昔泰国农耕社会的自我疗愈,每个村都有按摩医治师,乡民们干农活感到肌肉痛苦时就会去找按摩师医治。
【小百科】
依据联合国教科文安排的界说,非物质文明遗产(Intangible Cultural Heritage)包含口头传统(oral traditions), 扮演艺术(performing arts), 社会常规(social practices),典礼(rituals), 节日活动(festive events), 与本乡或全球有关的常识及常规(knowledge and practices concerning native and the universe)或许制造传统工艺品的常识和技术(the knowledge and skills to produce traditional crafts)。
除了这儿说到的人类非物质文明遗产名录(the list of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity)以外,还有一个类别是“急需维护的非物质文明遗产名录(the list of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Need of Urgent Safeguarding)”,中选的项目都是急需采纳维护办法,以继续存活并传承下去的项目,比方:我国的木活字印刷术(wooden movable-type printing)。
泰式按摩有何特征
Unlike conventional massages, Thai massages involve a lot of movement and typically sees people assuming a series of different positions.与传统按摩不同,泰式按摩有许多动作,会选用一系列不同的按摩姿态。
Therapists use not only their hands but sometimes their forearms and knees to apply pressure. There is also no oil involved in Nuad Thai massage.按摩师不只用手,有时还会用前臂和膝盖来施加压力。此外,泰式按摩一般不会运用按摩油。
本年新增的项目还有:
Irish harping爱尔兰竖琴
Celestinian forgiveness in Italy意大利塞莱斯蒂尼亚宽恕庆典
The Carnival of Podence in Portugal葡萄牙狂欢节
Silat self-defence in Malaysia马来西亚自卫术“席拉”
常住人口 permanent population
北京市委党校北京人口与社会开展研讨中心和社会科学文献出版社日前一同发布《北京人口蓝皮书·北京人口开展研讨陈述(2019)》。
The blue book shows that Beijing's permanent population has dropped for two consecutive years while getting much older. Meanwhile, the capital's subcenter, Tongzhou district, has seen more population growth since Beijing has been shifting noncapital functions to neighboring areas.蓝皮书显现,北京市常住人口接连两年下降,但老龄人口有所添加。自北京开端向周边区域疏解非首都功用以来,北京城市副中心通州区的人口规划扩展。
In addition, the blue book finds that the capital's migrant population has been declining since 2015. In 2018, it had fallen to nearly 7.65 million, down 3.74 percent year-on-year.此外,蓝皮书指出,2015年以来,北京市常住外来人口规划不断下降,2018年常住外来人口近765万人,比上年下降3.74%。
【常识点】
在我国,依据不一同期和不同需求,反映一个区域人口总量的计算方针首要有三个,即常住人口、户籍人口和现有人口。
常住人口(population of long-term residents/permanent residents population)指常常寓居在某一区域的人口,包含常住该地而暂时外出的人口,不包含暂时寄住的人口(temporary residents excluded)。现在国际上大多数国家都把寓居半年以上作为判别常住人口的时刻规范。
户籍人口(household registered population)是指公民依照《中华公民共和国户口挂号法令》已在其常常寓居地的公安户籍办理机关挂号了常住户口的人。这类人口不论其是否外出,也不论外出时刻长短,只要在某地注册有常住户口,则为该区域的户籍人口。
现有人口(current population)指在规则的规范时点上,寓居在某一区域的悉数人口。
蓝皮书估计“北京市常住人口规划2020年操控在2300万人以内(plan to cap its permanent residents population at 23 million by 2020)”的方针能够完结。
蓝皮书显现,2010年以来,北京市常住人口中0岁至14岁少儿人口和65岁及以上晚年人口比重出现上升趋势。
The juvenile population, made up 10.52 percent of the total last year, while people age 65 and older, accounted for 11.21 percent.2018年北京市0岁至14岁常住少儿人口比重为10.52%;65岁及以上常住晚年人口比重达11.21%。
怎么活跃应对人口老龄化问题,通过拟定科学的公共服务方针对人口结构进行调理,是北京市现在和未来需求长时刻面临的问题。
2010年以来,北京市常住人口的教育水平不断进步。
In 2018, nearly 40 percent had a college undergraduate education or higher, according to the report.蓝皮书显现,2018年北京市常住人口中,大专及以上教育程度人口占比近40%。
2019年我国媒体十大新词语 Top 10 media buzzwords
12月16日,国家言语资源监测与研讨中心发布了“2019年度我国媒体十大新词语”。
本次发布的十大新词语依次是:夜经济、5G元年、极限施压、止暴制乱、接诉即办、夸夸群、底层减负年、冰墩墩/雪容融、杀猪盘、乡字号/土字号。
以下为“2019年十大新词语”解读
夜经济 nighttime economy
夜经济指从当日18时至次日清晨所产生的,以当地居民、作业人群、游客为消费主体,以购物、餐饮、文娱、休闲等服务消费为首要方法的经济活动(business activities between 6 pm and 6 am in the service sectors including shopping, catering, entertainment and leisure)。
夜经济能够进步设备运用率、激起文明发明、添加社会作业、延伸游客停留时刻、进步消费水平、带动区域开展,是城市消费的“新蓝海”,为当时经济开展注入了新动能,被称为“我国经济新式生机源(new impetus for China's economy)”。
5G元年 epoch-making year for 5G
2019年,是名副其实的“5G元年”。6月6日,我国移动、我国联通、我国电信三大运营商和我国广电获颁5G车牌(5G licenses)。尔后约5个月的时刻里,8.6万座基站(base stations)开端发射5G信号,20款5G手机终端入网测验,5G工业链进一步老练。11月1日,三大运营商5G套餐(5G data plans)正式启用,5G开端真实走进人们的日子。
极限施压 exert maximum pressure
极限施压意为施加最高极限的压力,一般指中美交易战以来,美国通过加征关税等(impose tariffs)办法对我国施加压力,进行交易霸凌(trade bullying)。中美交易问题应在相等和相互尊重的基础上妥善处理。运用极限施压的手法,只会加重交易冲突(trade friction),无助于问题的处理。
止暴制乱 bring violence and chaos to an end
国家主席习近平在巴西利亚到会金砖国家领导人第十一次接见会面时,就当时香港形势明晰指出,止暴制乱、康复次序是香港当时最急迫的使命(it remains the most pressing task for Hong Kong to bring violence and chaos to an end and restore order)。这既明晰宣示了中心政府对香港形势的根本情绪和坚决情绪,也为当时香港作业指明晰方向和途径。
接诉即办 handling a complaint upon receipt
接诉即办指北京市为促进底层民生服务(to improve services for the people's livelihood at the primary level)而采纳的一种重要举动和立异机制,即以12345市民服务热线为主途径的大众诉求快速呼应机制(quick response mechanism)。通过该机制,找准了服务大众“最终一公里”的痛点和难点,大大进步了为民就事的功率,真实回应大众的诉求,进步了大众的夸姣感和取得感。
夸夸群 praise group
夸夸群指一种以“全方位地用富丽的辞藻张狂地夸奖吹捧(overwhelming compliments and praise)”为首要内容的微信群。在夸夸群中,群成员能够享遭到“夸人服务”,取得各种花式的称誉。这既是一种新式的交际形式,也反映当今部分网民的一种情感需求。
支撑者以为,赞许的话是正能量,能让人添加决计(boost confidence),减轻压力(relieve pressure);对立者则称,夸大的相互吹捧,会让人盲目自傲,乃至迷失自我(lose themselves)。
底层减负年 the year to reduce burdens on community-level officials
2019年3月,中共中心办公厅印发的《关于处理方法主义杰出问题为底层减负的告诉》,将2019年作为“底层减负年”,旨在贯彻执行习近平总书记重要指示指示精力,处理一些困扰底层的方法主义问题(the practice of formalities for formalities' sake),实在为底层减负,鼓舞广阔干部担任作为、不懈斗争。这表明晰党中心坚决不移全面从严治党(comprehensively strengthen Party discipline)、锲而不舍狠抓风格建造的坚决决计。
冰墩墩/雪容融 Bing Dwen Dwen/Shuey Rhon Rhon
2022年北京冬奥会和冬残奥会吉祥物(mascots for the 2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympics)。“冰墩墩”意喻宽厚、健康、生动、心爱,标志着冬奥会运动员健壮的身体、坚韧的毅力和鼓舞人心的奥林匹克精力。
“雪容融”中的“雪”,标志皎白、美丽,是冰雪运动的特征(indicative of the snow and ice of winter sports);“容”,意喻容纳、宽恕、沟通互鉴(inclusiveness, tolerance and mutual learning);“融”,意喻交融、温暖(integration and warmth),相知相融。“容融”,表达了国际文明沟通互鉴、调和开展的理念,表现了通过残奥运动发明一个愈加容纳的国际和构建人类命运一同体的夸姣愿景。
杀猪盘 pig-butchering scam/romance scam
一种网络欺诈(online fraud)办法,指欺诈分子在以爱情结交为手法获取被害人信赖后,乘机将其拉入博彩理财等圈套(win the trust of victims through a romantic relationship before tricking them into a gambling or financing trap),骗得受害人金钱。不同于其他圈套的“短、平、快”,杀猪盘最大的特征是放长线,这个进程犹如把猪养肥后再宰杀,故称。
乡字号/土字号 bucolic brands/agriculture business names
乡字号特指村庄特征产品品牌。2019年6月,国务院在《关于促进村庄工业复兴的辅导定见》中明晰提出,要施行农业品牌进步举动(a government initiative aiming to foster brands for agricultural products or services),鼓舞当地培养质量优异、特征明显的区域共用品牌,引导企业与农户等共创企业品牌,培养一批“土字号”“乡字号”产品品牌。
国际茶日 International Tea Day
第74届联合国大会12月19日通过决议,将每年5月21日定为“国际茶日(International Tea Day)”。
The resolution invites the international community to observe International Tea Day in an appropriate manner and in accordance with national priorities, through education and activities aimed at raising public awareness of the importance of tea for, inter alia, rural development and sustainable livelihoods.联合国大会决议期望国际社会依据各国偏重以恰当的办法庆祝“国际茶日”,通过教育及各类活动协助大众更好地了解茶叶对农业开展和可继续生计等的重要性。
大会决议表明:
Tea production and processing constitutes a main source of livelihoods for millions of families in developing countries, and tea constitutes the main means of subsistence for millions of poor families who live in a number of least developed countries.茶叶出产和加工是开展我国家数百万家庭的首要生计来历,也是若干最不发达国家数百万贫穷家庭的首要营生手法。
Tea production and processing contributes to the fight against hunger, the reduction of extreme poverty, the empowerment of women and the sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, it added.茶叶出产与加工有助于应对饥饿、削减极点贫穷、增强妇女权能、可继续运用陆地生态系统。
The tea industry is a main source of income and export revenues for some of the poorest countries and, as a labor-intensive sector, provides jobs, especially in remote and economically disadvantaged areas.茶职业是一部分最贫穷国家首要的收入及出口收益来历,一同作为劳动密布型职业,茶职业也能供给许多作业,特别在偏僻经济欠发达区域。
爱国爱澳 loving the motherland and loving Macao
Macao's economy registered the fastest growth and livelihoods witnessed the biggest improvement over the past two decades, President Xi Jinping said at a welcoming banquet hosted by the Macao SAR government. "The past 20 years are also a period that saw Macao compatriots share dignity of the great motherland and enjoy the greatest sense of glory," said Xi.国家主席习近平12月19日晚到会澳门特别行政区政府欢迎晚宴并宣告重要说话。习近平指出,回归祖国以来的20年,是澳门前史上经济开展最快、民生改进最大的时期,也是澳门同胞同享伟大祖国庄严和荣耀感最强的时期。
澳门“一国两制”实践出现出许多亮点:爱国爱澳成为全社会的中心价值,宪法和根本法威望结实建立,行政主导系统顺利运转,融入国家开展全局活跃主动,容纳调和增强社会凝聚力。The Macao practice of "one country, two systems" has new commendable aspects: "Loving the motherland and loving Macao" becoming a core value of the whole community, the authority of the Constitution and the Basic Law being firmly upheld, the executive-led system functioning smoothly, Macao actively integrating itself into the national development, and social inclusiveness and harmony creating great power to unite the people of Macao.——2019年12月19日,习近平到会澳门特别行政区政府欢迎晚宴并宣告重要说话
广阔澳门同胞素有爱国传统,有激烈的国家认同感、归属感和民族自豪感,这是“一国两制”在澳门成功实践的最重要原因。Macao compatriots have a tradition of patriotism, as well as a strong sense of national identity, belonging and national pride, which is the most important reason for Macao's success in the "one country, two systems" practice.——2019年12月20日,习近平在庆祝澳门回归祖国20周年大会暨澳门特别行政区第五届政府就职典礼上的说话
年度字词 character and word of the year
国家言语资源监测与研讨中心、商务印书馆等联合主办的“汉语盘点2019”揭晓典礼12月20日举行。
“Stability” was chosen as the hottest Chinese character related to domestic topics this year, while the phrase that swept the country was “me and my motherland”.“稳”、“我和我的祖国”别离中选年度国内字、国内词。
The hottest character related to international topics was “difficulty”, and the hottest phrase related to international topics in 2019 was “trade frictions”.“难”、“交易冲突”别离中选年度国际字、国际词。
“汉语盘点”活动至今已举行十四年,旨在“用一个字、一个词描绘当年的我国与国际”,鼓舞全民用言语记载日子,描绘我国视界下的社会变迁和国际万象。
The campaign received thousands of suggestions from netizens nationwide since it started on Nov 20.11月20日,“汉语盘点2019”活动发动以来,收到了网友提交的数千个字词提名。
Many of the submissions related to domestic and international issues, but the dominant influencing factor was the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China in October.许多提名的字词都与国内、国际事情相关,不过其间一个首要的影响要素是10月份中华公民共和国建立70周年。
典礼现场还发布了2019年度十大盛行语。
2019年度十大盛行语
我和我的祖国 me and my motherland
金色十年 golden decade
学习强国 study to make our country stronger
中美经贸商量 China-US trade talks
最美斗争者 the most outstanding contributors
硬核 hardcore
废物分类 garbage sorting
先行示范区 pilot demonstration area
底层减负年 the year to reduce burdens on community-level officials
我太南了 What am I supposed to do?
急救设备 first-aid equipment
12月23日提请十三届全国人大常委会第十五次会议第四次审议的根本医疗卫生与健康促进法草案明晰,公共场所应当依照规则装备必要的急救设备、设备。
The country needs to establish and improve the pre-hospital emergency system to provide "timely, standard and effective" first-aid services for patients in emergency situations, in danger, or with a critical illness, says the draft law.草案规则,国家建立健全院前急救系统,为急危重症患者供给及时、规范、有用的急救服务。
《健康我国举动(2019-2030年)(Healthy China Initiative)》提出,完善公共场所急救设备设备装备规范,在校园、机关(government institutions)、企事业单位(enterprises and public institutions)和机场、车站、港口客运站、大型商场、电影院等人员密布场所装备急救药品、器件和设备(first-aid kits),装备主动体外除颤器(AED)。
The draft calls on medical and health care government offices and social organizations to carry out first-aid training and promote related knowledge to the public. It also encourages medical workers and people trained in first aid to actively participate in emergency services in public places.卫生健康有关部分、安排应当活跃开展急救练习,遍及急救常识,鼓舞医疗卫生人员、通过急救练习的人员活跃参与公共场所急救服务。
注重心思健康问题,草案提出,国家采纳办法,加强心思健康服务系统和人才队伍建造。
The draft calls for more efforts to promote mental health education, psychological assessments, psychological counseling and psychological treatment services.草案提出,进一步改进心思健康教育、心思点评、心思咨询以及心思医治服务。
It also stipulates the establishment of psychological assistance hotlines for the public and the improvement of mental health services for key groups such as minors, people with disabilities and the elderly.草案还规则,建立公共心思辅佐热线,进步针对未成年人、残疾人以及晚年人等要点人群的健康服务水平。
草案新增不少健康促进办法。
The draft also adds that schools must offer sports and health care courses in accordance with the regulations and encourages organizations to open their sports venues and facilities to the public.校园应当依照规则开设体育与健康课程,国家鼓舞单位的体育场地设备向大众敞开等。
民法典草案 draft civil code
十三届全国人大常委会第十五次会议12月23日在京举行,备受注重的民法典草案初次全体露脸。
The draft civil code consists of general provisions and six sections on property, contracts, personality rights, marriage and family, inheritance, torts and supplementary provisions.民法典草案共7编,依次为总则编、物权编、合同编、人格权编、婚姻家庭编、承继编、侵权职责编,以及附则。
以下是此次民法典草案中备受注重的一些修正
合同编草案中有关告贷合同的修正
The draft makes a clearer stipulation to ban "usury," stating that "the interest rates of loans shall not violate relevant national regulations."草案明晰规则,阻止高利放贷,告贷的利率不得违背国家有关规则。
人格权编草案完善避免性骚扰有关规则
The draft stipulates that Party and government departments, enterprises, schools and other institutions shall adopt appropriate measures to prevent and stop sexual harassment behaviors that take advantage of power or posts.草案规则,机关、企业、校园等单位应当采纳合理办法,避免和阻止运用职权、从属关系等施行性骚扰。
人格权编草案中关于隐私的确认修正
The draft revised the definition of privacy as "peace of one's personal life and the private space, activity or information that a person does not want others to know".草案将隐私的界说修正为“隐私是自然人的私人日子安宁和不愿为别人知晓的私密空间、私密活动、私密信息”。
2018年8月至今,十三届全国人大常委会对民法典各分编草案进行了拆分审议,依据民法典编纂作业计划,到2019年12月,将2017年3月出台的民法总则同通过常委会审议和修正完善的民法典各分编草案兼并为一部完好的民法典,即《中华公民共和国民法典(草案)》。
5A级旅行景区 5A-level scenic areas
12月25日,文明和旅行部发布公示,拟新增北京圆明园等22家旅行景区为国家5A级旅行景区,公示期为12月25日至12月31日。
Apart from the Old Summer Palace, tourist attractions in north China's Inner Mongolia autonomous region, east China's Jiangsu and Jiangxi provinces will also be included in the list of 5A-level scenic areas.除了圆明园以外,内蒙古自治区、江苏省以及江西省的一些景点也有望新增为5A级景区。
【常识点】
我国旅行景区质量等级(quality rating of scenic areas)区分为五级,从高到低依次为AAAAA、AAAA、AAA、AA、A级旅行景区。旅行景区质量等级的标牌、证书由全国旅行景区质量等级鉴定安排一致规则。
景区鉴定等级需求满意的条件包含三个细则,细则一为服务质量与环境质量(quality of service and environment),共分为旅行交通(transport)、旅行(tour)、旅行安全(travel safety)、卫生(sanitation)、邮电服务(postal service)、旅行购物(shopping)、归纳办理以及资源和环境的维护(resource and environment conservation)8个大项;细则二为景象质量,分为资源要素价值与景象商场价值两大点评项目;细则三为游客定见(tourists feedback),以游客对该旅行景区的归纳满意度为依据。
据文明和旅行部资源开发司介绍,此次22家拟新承认的5A级景区,是经有关省区市文明和旅行行政部分引荐,文明和旅行部按程序安排归纳鉴定的。依照国家规范《旅行景区质量等级的区分与鉴定》和《旅行景区质量等级办理办法》,这22家旅行景区已到达国家5A级旅行景区规范要求(up to standard of 5A-level scenic areas)。
作业首选 desirable employer
近期,智联招聘发布《2019我国年度最佳雇主评选陈述》,出现大学结业生的预期收入、意向作业企业类型等调研成果。
陈述显现,国企和政府机关替代外企成为大学结业生首选的意向作业单位类型。
The survey, which polled students from 22 universities across the country, stated that 26.4 percent of students prefer working for State-owned enterprises after graduation, while 24.8 percent prefer government agencies and public insititutions.本次查询触及全国22所高校,成果显现,26.4%的学生结业后更倾向于去国企作业,24.8%的学生倾向于政府机关及事业单位。
Meanwhile, students who listed multinational companies as their top choice fell to 22.6 percent from 27.9 percent last year.与此一同,作业首选外企的学生份额从上一年的27.9%下降为本年的22.6%。
In addition, the popularity of Chinese private companies among students has dropped from 23.1 percent to 21.2 percent, and those wanting to start their own business immediately after college fell from 4.5 percent to 3.4 percent.此外,私企的作业意向也由上一年的23.1%下降至本年的21.2%;结业后当即创业的意向则由4.5%下降至3.4%。
陈述指出,通过历年比照发现,尊重职工(respect for employees)现已接连多年被大学生点评为抱负雇主(desirable employer)需求具有的首要特征,而公平公平的用人准则(fairness and equal opportunity policy at workplace)也越来越遭到大学生的注重。
大学生关于榜首份作业预期收入出现逐年攀高的趋势。
According to the survey, students expect to earn an average of 6,884 yuan ($983) per month in their first job, up from last year's 6,530 yuan. Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen remain the top three cities of choice for fresh graduates.查询显现,2019年大学生榜首份作业的预期月薪为6884元,上一年为6530元。北京、上海、深圳依然是结业生首选的作业城市。
进口暂定税率 provisional import tax rates
To expand imports, stimulate import potential and optimize the structure of imports, China will implement provisional import tax rates that are lower than the most-favored-nation (MFN) tariff rates for over 850 commodities starting Jan 1, 2020.为活跃扩展进口,激起进口潜力,优化进口结构,自2020年1月1日起,我国将对850余项产品施行低于最惠国税率的进口暂定税率。
【常识点】为更好满意公民日子需求,适度添加国内相对紧缺或具有国外特征的日用消费品进口,新增或下降冻猪肉、冷冻鳄梨、非冷冻橙汁等产品进口暂定税率;为下降用药本钱,促进新药出产,对用于医治哮喘的生物碱类药品和出产新式糖尿病医治药品的质料施行零关税;为扩展先进技术、设备和零部件进口,支撑高新技术工业开展,新增或下降半导体检测分选编带机、高压涡轮空隙操控阀门、主动变速箱用液力变矩器和铝阀芯、铌铁、多元件集成电路存储器、大轴胶片质料、光刻胶用涣散液、培养基等产品进口暂定税率;为鼓舞国内有需求的资源性产品进口,新增或下降部分木材和纸制品进口暂定税率。
【重要说话】我国将愈加注重进口的效果,进一步下降关税和准则性本钱,培养一批进口交易促进立异示范区,扩展对各国高质量产品和服务的进口。China will give greater importance to import. We will continue to lower tariffs and institutional transaction costs, develop demonstration zones to promote import trade by creative means, and import more high-quality goods and services from around the world.——2019年11月5日,习近平在第二届我国国际进口博览会开幕式上的宗旨讲演
北京礼物 Beijing Gifts
通过线下搜集、线上投票及专家评定等多个环节归纳点评,12款2019年我最心仪的“北京礼物”于近来揭晓。
A total of 12 products were voted the most popular Beijing gifts on Dec 27. They include artwork, face masks, traditional Chinese vodka and cakes and pastries that all feature distinctive Beijing elements.12月27日,12款我最心仪的“北京礼物”揭晓,其间包含艺术品、面膜、二锅头酒、糕点等具有北京特征的产品。
【常识点】
“北京礼物(Beijing Gifts)”品牌创建于2011年,是表现古都文明(culture of ancient capital)、赤色文明(red culture)、京味文明(Beijing culture)和立异文明(culture of innovation)内在,展现北京国际城市形象(image of a world-class city),代表精美工艺(refined craftsmanship)、优异质量(top quality)和丰厚文明构思特征的北京旅行产品和文创产品的标志性品牌。该品牌于2014年由北京市旅行职业协会进行商标注册,2016年初次被写入全市高精尖产品目录。
More than 20 Beijing Gifts shops are up and running in the capital at the moment and offer traditional artworks, time-honored brand items and souvenirs.现在,全市共有20多家“北京礼物”线下店面,运营传统艺术品、老字号产品和纪念品。
The event has received more than 1.58 million votes since the middle of October, and this year's event has helped boost relevant business sales by 91.5 million yuan ($13.07 million), up 20 percent year-on-year.此次评选活动于本年10月中旬开端,总投票数158万多张,评选活动共带动“北京礼物”参评企业近9150万元出售额,企业出售同比增加近20%。
2019年我最心仪的“北京礼物”奖名单
唐人坊·国粹娟人系列 (Peking Opera dolls)
吉兔坊·新北京兔儿爷系 (the Rabbit God)
东方艺珍·花丝满意系列(ruyi, an S-shaped ornamental object)
步瀛斋 · 京城花海系列女鞋(women cotton shoes)
华都· “国安一同赢”二锅头酒 (erguotou, traditional Chinese vodka)
御茶膳房·“北京的心意”皇城手作糕点(artisan pastry)
国家京剧院·京剧脸谱面膜(Peking Opera-style face mask)
天安门· “来自天安门的礼物”-国旗班兵偶系列(figurines of PLA soldiers guarding the national flag at the Tian'anmen Square)东韵·北京人文系列丝巾(silk scarf)
陈彤云·北京中医夸姣的祝愿系列化妆品(TCM cosmetics)
唱吧·“唱响北京”蓝牙麦克风(bluetooth microphone)
万华镜·缤纷京城万花筒系列(kaleidoscope featuring Beijing elements)
首都功用中心区 core area of the capital
12月30日,《首都功用中心区操控性具体规划(街区层面)(2018年—2035年)》(草案)公示发动,听取大众定见,公示期为2019年的12月30日到2020年的1月28日。
The core area of the capital, including Dongcheng and Xicheng districts and covering an area of 92.5 square km, will be endowed with the functions of the country's political, cultural and international exchange center. The area will also serve as a key conservation area of historical and cultural heritage and a window to display the capital city of China.首都功用中心区,包含北京市的东城区和西城区两个行政区,总面积92.5平方公里,是全国政治中心、文明中心和国际交往中心的中心承载区,是前史文明名城维护的要点区域,是展现国家首都形象的重要窗口区域。
草案提出,强化“两轴、一城、一环”的城市空间结构,其间“两轴”为中轴线(the Central Axis)及长安街(Chang'an Avenue),中轴线以文明功用为主,长安街以国家行政、文明、国际交往功用为主;“一城”为北京老城(old downtown area of Beijing);“一环”指沿二环路的文明景象环线(scenic spots along the second Ring Road featuring diverse culture of Beijing)。
规划要求执行“老城不能再拆了”的维护理念,最大极限留住前史印记。
首都功用中心区十一类维护目标包含:(1)国际文明遗产(world culture heritage);(2)国家级、市级、区级三级文物维护单位(historical and cultural sites protected at the national, municipal and district level)和没有核定为文物维护单位的不行移动文物(immovable cultural relics,又称普查挂号在册文物);(3)地下文物埋藏区(underground archaeological ruins);(4)前史修建(historical buildings,含优异近现代修建、名人故居、挂牌维护院子、工业遗产等);(5)前史文明街区和特征区域(streets and areas featuring ancient culture);(6)前史街巷、传统胡同及传统地名(ancient alleys and place names);(7)前史河湖水系和水文明遗产(ancient water system and water culture heritage);(8)城址遗存(ancient city ruins);(9)前史名园与古树名木(ancient gardens and trees);(10)革新史迹(revolutionary relics);(11)非物质文明遗产(intangible culture heritage)。
适度进步公共办理与公共服务用地比重,进步寓居质量,改进人居环境
The land area for urban public facilities will increase from the current 11.1 percent to 12.2 percent of the total. Public spaces, both indoor and outdoor, will be raised from 34.4 percent currently to 38.9 percent.城市公共服务设备用地占规划区域总面积的比重将由现状11.1%进步到12.2%,公共空间面积占比将由现状34.4%进步到38.9%。
规划内容落到183个街区
Under the plan, Beijing's Dongcheng and Xicheng districts will be divided into 183 blocks for optimal functionality to protect the environment and to better serve residents.依据规划草案,东城区和西城区将区分183个街区,以完结环境维护及进步公共服务等功用。
完善社区—街区—大街三级公共服务日子圈,进步宜居水平
One goal is for 85 percent of residents to use public transportation with an upgrade in facilities. Commute times will be reduced to an average 45 minutes during rush hour.公共交通设备晋级,居民公交出行份额到达85%;顶峰期均匀通勤时刻缩短至45分钟以内。
Medical care and cultural facilities will be within 10 to 15 minutes' travel for all residents in the area.区域内根本完结医疗卫生安排和公共文明安排10-15分钟可达。
(我国日报网英语点津 马文英)
来历:我国日报网
告发/反应

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